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미국의 초경량비행장치는 등록, 자격증, 검사 증이 필요 없습니다. 그래도 최소한 G, E 등급의 공역에서는 비행승인 없이 비행 가능합니다.
우리의 초경량은 신고, 자격증, 검사 증이 있음에도 불구하고 비행승인을 받아야 합니다.
초경량 동호인들이 착실히 비행승인을 받고 다니는 준법정신 하나만큼은 자랑할 만한 일입니다만, 아직도 비행승인의 부당성을 모르는 동호인들이 있다는 것은 초경량 동호인들의 굴욕입니다.
-미국 항공법
103.17 Operations in certain airspace.
No person may operate an ultralight vehicle within Class A, Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace or within the lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an airport unless that person has prior authorization from the ATC facility having jurisdiction over that airspace.
아래 주소에 가면 미국 초경량의 공역에 대한 자세한 설명을 볼 수 있습니다.
http://www.footflyer.com/PPGBibleUpdates/Chapter09/Airspace/index.htm
-일부 인용
-요약
Class E & G Airspace - 비행승인이나 허가를 받을 필요 없음
Class E Surface Area - 비관제공항 중에서 비교적 교통량이 많은 공항을 말합니다. control tower, approach control, Air Route Traffic Control Center 등에 허가를 받으면 비행가능합니다. 허가도 전화 한통이면 금방 끝납니다. 허가를 받는 방법에 대해서도 아래에 자세하게 나와 있습니다.
Class E Surface Area
Some airports are not quite busy enough to have a control tower but are still busy. They may have the Class E airspace lowered to the surface as depicted by dashed magenta lines. The example at right, Truth or Consequences airport in New Mexico shows a shaded magenta area around it, which lowers the E airspace to 700' AGL then, inside that is a dashed magenta ring that lowers the class E to the surface.
We are specifically prohibited from flying here without permission.
Another example is where a control tower airport has extensions around it where Class E is lowered to the surface. Aurora, shown at right with the inset, is one example.
The blue area is the class D and the magenta area is class E to the surface. The co loring was added only in the inset for clarity.
Permission comes from the control tower where applicable, approach control if it's near a large airport, or the Air Route Traffic Control Center which handles traffic everywhere else.
You can go here to see about getting permission to fly at these places.
Class E & G Airspace
Generally all of our flying is going to be in this airspace. We can legally take-off, fly around in, and land in both E & G airspace. The difference between the two is only in the required cloud clearance and visibility requirements. The vast majority of the United States is covered by G (the least restrictive) and then E on top of that...meaning that our freedom to fly is indeed bountiful. In those few areas, mostly out west, where G airspace has not cap shown, the top is still 14,500 with E above that. The practical difference is negligible because visibility and cloud clearance requirements are the same.
In most areas of the country the G airspace goes from the surface up to 1200' AGL. If there's a nearby airport that sometimes gets lowered to 700' AGL. Above the G airspace is E which has more restrictive visibility requirements but we can certainly fly in it.
Near airports where airplanes are likely to be letting down on an instrument approach, the floor of E airspace lowers to 700 feet. That is depicted by a shaded magenta outline. In the example around Pontiac airport it is a circle but sometimes it has weird shapes with extensions that stick out.
In the example of Pontiac, the area within 5 miles of the airport up to 700' AGL is class G airspace (requiring only a mile visibility). Above 700' is class E airspace requiring 3 mile visibility. You could launch from the airport with visibility as low as a mile but couldn't go over 700' unless the visibility was at least 3 miles.
-Class E Surface Area에서 비행허가를 받는 방법
스포츠조종사와 초경량조종사의 차이- 스포츠조종사는 Class E Surface Area에서 허가를 받을 필요가 없음.
Powered paragliding can be done almost anywhere so careful choices must be made. You want to fly inside the dashed magenta lines? It's easy where there's a control tower because there's someone to ask. But what about airports, such as Truth Or Consequences (TCS) depicted at right, where there are just these dashed lines?
TCS Airport is reasonably busy but not enough for a control tower so they lowered Class E airspace to the surface as shown by the dashed magenta lines (not the shading). FAR 103 specifically prohibits us from flying there without permission. Airplane pilots (including sport pilots) do not need permission nor do they need to talk with anyone to fly there. The reason the Class E was lowered was merely to increase their required visibility for takeoff and landing뾬ur prohibition is a side-effect.
Interestingly there is no top. We can't fly over this piece of airspace at any altitude. Control tower airports with D airspace around them have tops that we can fly over (not that you'd want to).
Elephant Butte reservoir, just east of TCS airport, is a popular Powered Paragliding spot. Its western shore provides a gradual sandy slope with plentiful launch opportunities. But some of it is within the Class E surface area outlined by those dashed magenta lines, requiring permission.
Who To Call, How To Ask
The controlling authority will either be a nearby approach control or, for more remote locales, an Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) or just "center."
These folks are not used to ultralight pilots and may not understand the need for permission. After all, the vast majority of traffic they deal with doesn't need such permission. So when you call, be ready for a surprise. Here's an example of how you can ask.
Pilot: "Hi, my name is Jeff Goin, I'm an ultralight pilot who plans on flying 3 miles east of Truth or Consequences. I believe that is your your airspace?"
ARTCC: "Yes, it is."
Pilot: "OK, I plan on flying VFR from probably sunrise to sunset and will remail well clear of the runway approach and departure corridors. Is that OK?"
ARTCC: "That's fine, just remain VFR at all times."
Your response will vary obviously. Sometimes they just say "have fun" and other times they need to talk to a supervisor because they've never faced the question. The good news is that, once you've asked a few times and they're familiar with the drill, it'll be easier the next time. Another problem is finding the telephone numbers for center. Thankfully, I've done the mousework. They're here.
If you're out in the field or don't know who to call about an airport, you can call Flight Service (FSS) at 800-WX-BRIEF and they should be able to track it down.
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